Accounting for Population Structure in Gene-by-Environment Interactions in Genome-Wide Association Studies Using Mixed Models - Fig 4

<p><b>A distribution of inflation factors of GEI statistics on HMDP GxE GWAS data (A).</b> HMDP consists of classical inbred strings and recombinant inbred strains. There are 23 lipid phenotypes, and about 74,000 SNPs are tested for associations. The environment is thioglycollate injection to recruit macrophages. We compute the inflation factor for each phenotype and for the three methods. (<b>B</b>) is a QQ plot of one of the phenotypes (free fatty acids, ffa), and it shows the distributions of p-values of GEI statistics for the three methods. Their inflation factors are indicated on the QQ plot.