<p>Five measurement phases from top to bottom rows are early systole, systolic peak, late systole, dicrotic notch, and late diastole, respectively. Streamlines are colored by the normalized velocity magnitude (), and vortex lines are colored by the normalized vorticity magnitude ().</p
<p>(a) Vorticity contours visualization, (b) velocity profile, (c) drag and lift coefficients and (d...
<p><i>T* = t/T</i>. t: flow time. T: cardiac period. Anterior leaflet: dash-dot line. Posterior leaf...
<p>Viscous drag over the stroke cycle at 2.0 m/s (black column), 3.5m/s (dark grey column), 5.0 m/s ...
<p>The time phase is represented by a star in the inflow rate time curve inserted at the top of each...
<p>The flow enters the measurement region from the right. Note that a non-linear color scale was use...
<p>Comparison of the secondary and axial velocity magnitude at approximately peak flow phase (<i>t</...
<p>Streamline visualization (velocity encoded) of ‘typical clockwise’ right atrial vortex during lat...
<p>Axial velocity profiles at several axial planes along the vertebrobasilar confluence of five subj...
<p>C is considered as the beginning of the systole and of the cycle. A is considered as the last par...
<p>Left column (a-e) shows the dimensionless pressure distribution over the surface of the model and...
<p>Comparison of the secondary and axial velocity magnitude at approximately reversed flow phase (<i...
<p>Instantaneous streamlines and WSS contour at (A) accelerating, (B) peak systole, and (C) decelera...
<p>A: detecting points 1-2. B: detecting points 3-4. C: detecting points 9-10.</p
uM2PHASE/uM4PHASE, vM2PHASE/vM4PHASE represent the phase difference between water level and velocity...
<p>In each set of contours, the left and right column represent the results for cases without and wi...
<p>(a) Vorticity contours visualization, (b) velocity profile, (c) drag and lift coefficients and (d...
<p><i>T* = t/T</i>. t: flow time. T: cardiac period. Anterior leaflet: dash-dot line. Posterior leaf...
<p>Viscous drag over the stroke cycle at 2.0 m/s (black column), 3.5m/s (dark grey column), 5.0 m/s ...
<p>The time phase is represented by a star in the inflow rate time curve inserted at the top of each...
<p>The flow enters the measurement region from the right. Note that a non-linear color scale was use...
<p>Comparison of the secondary and axial velocity magnitude at approximately peak flow phase (<i>t</...
<p>Streamline visualization (velocity encoded) of ‘typical clockwise’ right atrial vortex during lat...
<p>Axial velocity profiles at several axial planes along the vertebrobasilar confluence of five subj...
<p>C is considered as the beginning of the systole and of the cycle. A is considered as the last par...
<p>Left column (a-e) shows the dimensionless pressure distribution over the surface of the model and...
<p>Comparison of the secondary and axial velocity magnitude at approximately reversed flow phase (<i...
<p>Instantaneous streamlines and WSS contour at (A) accelerating, (B) peak systole, and (C) decelera...
<p>A: detecting points 1-2. B: detecting points 3-4. C: detecting points 9-10.</p
uM2PHASE/uM4PHASE, vM2PHASE/vM4PHASE represent the phase difference between water level and velocity...
<p>In each set of contours, the left and right column represent the results for cases without and wi...
<p>(a) Vorticity contours visualization, (b) velocity profile, (c) drag and lift coefficients and (d...
<p><i>T* = t/T</i>. t: flow time. T: cardiac period. Anterior leaflet: dash-dot line. Posterior leaf...
<p>Viscous drag over the stroke cycle at 2.0 m/s (black column), 3.5m/s (dark grey column), 5.0 m/s ...