Formation of Modern Canons of Special Historical Disciplines in the Native Science: Second Half of the XIX Century – the Beginning of the XXI Century

У статті досліджується становлення провідних спеціальних історичних дисциплін (далі – СІД) у вітчизняній науці, що займаються вивченням різних видів історичних джерел. Висвітлюються основі етапи їхнього розвитку з другої половини ХІХ – до поч. ХХІ ст. Узагальнено підсумки досліджень вітчизняних науковців у галузі найважливіших спеціальних історичних дисциплін – палеографії, дипломатики, метрології, генеалогії, сфрагістики, геральдики, епіграфіки та ін. Подано дослідження, які визначають основні аспекти розвитку студій СІД та їх місце в системі української історичної науки. Наголошено на тому, що останнім часом спостерігається посилення уваги науковців до історії, теорії та методології СІД.The article deals with the formation of the leading special historical disciplines (further – SHD) in the native science, that study certain types of historical sources and develop theoretical and methodological basis of this research. It is emphasized, that special historical disciplines have come a long way of development and not at once became the special. In the ХІХ-th century, they had the status of auxiliary historical disciplines. The article highlights the stages of development of SHD from the second half of the ХІХ-th century – till the beginning of the XXI century, in particular pre-soviet, soviet and modern periods. At the beginning of the XXI century the majority Ukrainian researchers agrees with the need to rename the previously used “auxiliary historical discipline” to “special historical discipline”. In the pre-soviet period the role of the major SHD as paleography, diplomatics, metrology, genealogy, sphragistics and heraldry in the native science has increased considerably since they acquired the status of independent scientific “auxiliary historical disciplines”, and some of them are taught in the universities of Lviv, Kharkiv, Kiev, Novorossiisk for training of professional historians. The article revealed the contribution of prominent native scientists to development of studios of SHD (I. Sreznevskyi, D. Yavornytskyi, I. Kamanin, V. Lukomskyi, V. Modzalevskyi, I. Krypiakevych, O. Lazarevskyi and others). The Soviet period was characterized by a continuation of development and becoming of fully new auxiliary historical disciplines that appropriately began to stand out from the classic SHD. Thus codicology and filigranology separated from palaeography, getting the own object of study. At present there is further differentiation of SHD, extension study of “Ukrainian documentary material”, native experts have productively comprehended the achievements of predecessors and have prepared professional publications. Therefore, the article presents the studies that define the basic aspects of SHD studios’ development and their place in the Ukrainian historical science. It is marked that recently has observed strengthening of attention of scientists to history, theory and methodology of SHD