Automatic Verification of External Interrupt Behaviors for Microprocessor Design

Abstract—Interrupt behaviors, particularly the external ones, are difficult to verify in a microprocessor. Because the external interrupt arrival time and the microprocessor response time must be precise, verification requires sophisticated hardware and soft-ware design. This paper proposes a computer-aided design tool, called processor exception verification tool (PEVT), to verify the external interrupt behaviors of microprocessors, including indi-vidual, multiple, and nested interrupts. An architecture descrip-tion language extension, called Exception Description Language (EXPDL), is developed for the designer to capture the external interrupt behaviors for the microprocessor under verification. PEVT is responsible for generating the verification cases, consist-ing of both the hardware and software modules, which are then used to trigger the expected behaviors. A monitor is also generated from the EXPDL description to verify these cases. PEVT has been applied to the verification of an academic implementation of the ARM7 microprocessor core and a public domain scalable processor architecture (SPARC) microprocessor core. The ARM7 has had a system-on-a-chip test chip and software porting includ-ing multimedia applications (MP3/JPEG /...) and a real time operating system µC-OSII. PEVT successfully identified several sophisticated remaining bugs with 527 lines of EXPDL description and took only 4 204 961 cycles of register transfer language simula-tion with execution time of 4.5 h in a SUN Blade2000 workstation. The experiment shows that PEVT could generate highly focused verification cases, less than 98 cycles per case on the average, which identify potential bugs with much less simulation cycles at the early verification stage, compared with traditional manual-based approaches. Index Terms—Architecture description language (ADL), dy-namic assertion based, external interrupt verification, micro-processor verification, monitor, simulation based, trigger. I