Experimental and numerical friction characterization for large-scale forming simulations

A new trend in forming simulation technology is the development of friction models applicable to large scale forming simulations. In this respect, the optimization of forming processes and the success of newly developed friction models requires a complete understanding of the tribological behavior involved. In this paper a frequently used metal-lubricant combination is characterized at one hand, and inter-correlated friction mechanisms acting on the micro-scale are discussed at the other hand. For this purpose, cold-rolled high formable mild steel is used in combination with the deep-drawing oil Quaker N6130. Results have been used to calibrate a recently developed multi-scale friction model applicable for large-scale forming simulations. The objective of this paper is to gain a thorough understanding of the tribological behavior involved supporting further optimization of enhanced friction models in forming processes