The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes
- Brookes, K
- Xu, X.
- Chen, W.
- Zhou, K.
- Neale, B.
- Lowe, N.
- Aneey, R.
- Franke, B.
- Gill, M.
- Ebstein, R.
- Buitelaar, J.
- Sham, P.
- Campbell, D.
- Knight, J.
- Andreou, P.
- Altink, M.
- Arnold, R.
- de Boer, F.
- Buschgens, C.
- Butler, L.
- Christiansen, H.
- Feldman, L.
- Fleischman, K.
- Fliers, E.
- Howe-Forbes, R.
- Goldfarb, A.
- Heise, A.
- Gabriels, I.
- Korn-Lubetzki, I
- Marco, R.
- Medad, S.
- Minderaa, R.
- Mulas, F.
- Muller, U.
- Mulligan, A.
- Rabin, K.
- Rommelse, N.N.J.
- Sethna, V.
- Sorohan, J.
- Uebel, H.
- Psychogiou, L.
- Weeks, A.
- Barrett, R.
- Craig, I.
- Banaschewski, T.
- Sonuga-Barke, E.
- Eisenberg, J.
- Kuntsi, J.
- Manor, I.
- McGuffin, P.
- Miranda, A.
- Oades, R.D.
- Plomin, R.
- Roeyers, H.
- Rothenberger, A.
- Sergeant, J.A.
- Steinhausen, H.C.
- Taylor, E.
- Thompson, M.
- Faraone, S.V.
- Asherson, P.
- Johansson, L.
DOIAbstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, starting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood in the majority of cases. Family and twin studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and candidate gene association studies have identified several loci that exert small but significant effects on ADHD. To provide further clarification of reported associations and identify novel associated genes, we examined 1038 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 51 candidate genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter pathways, particularly dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin pathways, in addition to circadian rhythm genes. Analysis used within family tests of associati...
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