The objective of this thesis is the study of the problem and the realization of an electroactive biomimetic muscle with the optimization of its manufacturing, the modeling of its operation and the characterization of its performances. The artificial muscles are biologically inspired actuators having the flexibility and the adaptability which enables to imitate the biological functions for use in robotics and the energetically effective engineering applications. The Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) constitutes a class of actuators with new properties of electromechanical coupling, and enables to convert energy between the chemical, electrical and mechanical fields. We treated in this work the specific case of an IPMC made up of a film of...