Premi extraordinari doctorat UPC curs 2015-2016, àmbit Enginyeria de les TICThe main objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate medium access layer algorithms, that will exploit different types of cognition to provide energy and spectrum efficiency enhancement. In particular, two main research directions are followed: i) the first focuses on spectrum-awareness in cognitive radio (CR) networks inspired by the pioneering work conducted by Mitola in 1999, and ii) the second on the context-aware self-adaptation of cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) (i.e., self-organizing networks, SONs). In both contexts, the exploitation of the available information plays a key role on providing sustainable wireless networks. However, given the...