International audienceWhat can the comparative use of the notion of network teach us, when it is applied to such a variety of fields in collective action ? The objective of the article is dedicated to answer that question, through the synthesis of the analyses previously presented, and with a more theoretical reflexion on the uses of that notion. The author highlights possible pitfalls as well as reflexive approaches which can help construct the “unconsolidated” uses of what must be considered as the contemporary dominant model for collective action. Four main lines of comparison are then explored in order to test the very interest of the notion concept : what members share, sociability network versus modes of collective action, morphology ...