Avertissement : cette thèse traduit l'état de la question à l'été 2010. Certains faits ont pu évoluer depuis. Version corrigée au 13.03.11.Snow production is a common practice in many ski resorts (in France, two thirds of the existing sites are equipped with infrastructures intended for this purpose; and there are many projects to extend them). What appears to be a simple process - pulverizing water in cold air -, in fact reveals much about the issue of the sustainable management of water in mountainous areas. Artificial snow production is the latest use of water in these areas; it raises the question of its capacity to find a place in an integrated water management model; at stake is on one hand the conciliation of the aquatic environment'...