International audienceParticipative democracy is probably better than representative democracy to the democratic ideal. At the same time, representative democracy is more practical that participative democracy. This explains why representative democracy usually wins. However, while institutions are challenged and citizens have less confidence in their representatives, new modes of law writing are tried in order to enhance the effectiveness of norms. Thus, participative democracy becomes increasingly important, particularly through the “open democracy”. Especially, we have recently, in France, the “citizen co-writing” of the projects of law. This “citizen co-writing” is different from other pre-legislative consultations. In particular, its p...