The irrigated perimeters of the “Office du Niger” (Mali), is characterized by a tendency of soils toward alkalization and the variable yield performances of irrigated rice, as influenced by nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study is to analyze the interactions between the in situ physical/chemical properties of soil and the modes of application of cultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization, rice transplanting and water management, and their influence on the nitrogen use efficiency by the rice plant, rice growth and yield. The operational objective is to identify the rice growing practices that can improve the nitrogen use efficiency in the specific context of alkaline soils. The method combines an agronomic diagnosis in o...