International audienceThe encoding of arguments in a transitive clause of Movima (isolate, Beni, Bolivia) is based on a saliency hierarchy (1 > 2 > 3hum > 3nonhum animate > 3 inanimate; topic > nontopic). The semantic roles of the arguments are assigned through direct and inverse marking on the predicate. The argument that refers to the less salient participant aligns with the argument of an intransitive clause and is treated as the privileged syntactic argument. This means that a direct construction (less salient = patient) patterns ergatively and the inverse construction (less salient = agent) patterns accusatively. I explain this fact with the strong syntactic parallels between verbs and nouns: both verbs and nouns can function as predic...