This work intends to characterize the distribution, the state and the functioning of permafrost at various spatial scales and in various topoclimatic contexts. It also intends determine permafrost response(s) to actual climate change. In order to realize these objectives, our investigations have been carried out in two valleys (Clarée and Ubaye) of the French Southern Alps. Firstly, permafrost spatial distribution has been studied at regional scale by means of a statistico-empirical model. Results show that permafrost may be found between 2600 and 3000 m and its distribution is influenced by altitude and solar radiation. Secondly and at the local scale, the implementation of a geophysical, thermal and geodetic monitoring has helped to quali...