’Family’ and ‘Homeland’: An Ethnographic Study of Kinship and Village at Hou-hu（后湖）, Kinmen.

[[abstract]]本文以民族誌呈現金門后湖聚落此一傳統漢人漁村，在僑鄉文化的背景之下，歷經了戰爭、軍事管制，現代化、觀光發展，其宗族結構、親屬關係，以及村落社群活動的發展與變化。金門歷史與地理位置深具特殊性，使其漢人社會與文化呈現和台灣不同的獨特性，也由於近40年的軍事管制，金門地區未有大規模的開發。然而，在解除戰地政務管制、開放觀光後，自然環境與地景建物變化加劇。當代的影響，可以從后湖聚落的主要建立者—許氏宗族的變化看出。原奠基於宗族結構的漁業組織因漁業沒落而分崩離析，海邊的漁船與漁撈活動逐漸消失。海灘由后湖聚落居民生計活動的場域轉變為吸引眾多觀光客前來的特色景點。；親屬之間也由於不斷的分家過程，以及戰亂、都市化之故而分開。 現代各種力量對宗族的影響顯而易見。但后湖許氏宗族仍然以祖先崇拜、共有財產關係，以及日常生活中的互惠、交換來維繫親屬關係；同時，后湖聚落形成的一個重要因素─「公司」也出現了持續和變遷的樣貌。本文透過對后湖居民社會組織、社會結構，以及儀式活動的觀察，描述后湖聚落順應了時代變遷，同時又保留了某些傳統元素，融合於當代社會。本文藉由金門后湖此一聚落的民族誌研究，指出了二十一世紀漢人宗族、聚落為何以及如何持續與變異。[[abstract]]The thesis aims to show the changes and continuities on lineage and community organization in a traditional Han Chinese fishing village, Hou-hu, Kinmen, after a series of the military control in cold war time, modernization and tourism development in recent decades. The Han Chinese society and culture established in Kinmen has been unique from what had been found in Taiwan as a result of its migrating and geographical character historically, and also due to less-to-none development under the 40 years of military control. However, with the lifting of the military control, policy changes and tourism have brought forward huge impacts on the environmental and social landscapes changes. I have observed what had been going through on Hsu lineage, the founding lineage of Hou-hu. Hsu lineage and its functioning based mostly upon the fishing industry have lost its prominence with the dying industry which also dramatically modified the use of seashore, now a tourist heaven. Hsu lineage and its functioning have been affected by various factors such as divisions in lineage property, war, urbanization. Hsu lineage has been changed and is no exception to what the modern forces have altered Han Chinese lineage in general. Nevertheless, Hsu lineage has managed to solidified together to a degree through many kinds of activity as ancestor worship, communal property, and reciprocity and gift exchange in daily life. The ‘corporations’ characteristic of Hou-hu have also undergone continuity and change. The thesis points to the ways by which the Hou-hu residents have adapted themselves to contemporary changing milieu while maintaining certain "traditional" elements, by accommodating their social organization, social structure, and ritual activities. Through an ethnographic study of Hou-hu village, I suggest why and how Han lineage and community have persisted and transformed.[[note]]碩