COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIVING STANDARD INDICATORS IN SLOVENIA AND EU

Življenjska raven je ekonomska in družbena kategorija in hkrati dejavnik razvoja družbenoekonomskih razmerij. Na eni strani obsega življenjske razmere prebivalstva, na drugi pa delovne ter družbene razmere človeka. Pod pojmom življenjska raven razumemo dosežene življenjske pogoje, ki so merjeni na agregatni in individualni ravni. Najlažje jo je prikazati z naslednjim izborom kazalnikov življenjske ravni: zdravje in dostop do zdravstvene oskrbe, zaposlitev in delovne razmere, gmotni viri, izobrazba, družina in medosebni odnosi, prebivališče oziroma stanovanje, varnost življenja, prosti čas in rekreacija ter politična participacija. Indeks človekovega razvoja (HDI – Human Development Index) je pomemben kazalnik kompleksnosti in povezanosti dohodka in blaginje ter prepletenosti in medsebojne povezanosti ekonomskih in socialnih politik. HDI kaže blaginjo na treh področjih družbenega razvoja. Kazalci, s katerimi je ta opredeljen, naj bi odsevali dosežke držav na različnih ravneh. Vključuje torej zdravje (pričakovana življenjska doba ob rojstvu za spremljanje življenjske dobe in zdravstvenih razmer), dohodek oziroma dostop do virov, ki ljudem omogočajo dostojen življenjski standard (BDP na prebivalca po kupni moči) ter izobraženost in znanje (bruto stopnja vključenosti in pismenosti, ki prikazujeta kombinirano stopnjo vpisa na različne ravni izobraževanja oziroma stopnjo pismenosti odraslega prebivalstva). Dojemanje kakovosti življenja je tesno povezano z vrednotami in normami posamezne družbe, s subjektivnostjo dojemanja. Zato se v zadnjem času uveljavljajo kazalci, ki opisujejo spremembe v posamičnih dogodkih človekovega življenja ter s tem opisno prikažejo razlike v življenju posameznika in družbe. Razlike je še dodatno poglobila gospodarska in finančna kriza, ki je nastopila konec leta 2007. Bogatejše in razvitejše države so postale še bolj razvite, revnejše se jim le počasi približujejo. Med razvite države v EU se štejejo Irska, Nizozemska, Nemčija, Švedska in Francija. Slovenija je na sredini lestvice. Na dnu so Poljska, Litva, Latvija, Romunija in Bolgarija.Living standard is the economic and social category and at the same time a factor in the development of socio-economic relationships. On the one hand, it shows the extent of the population, on the other, working and social conditions of man. Under the notion of living standard, we understand the conditions that are measured at the aggregate and individual level. The easiest way is to show the following range of indicators of living standards: health and access to health care, employment and working conditions, material resources, education, family and interpersonal relationships, place of residence or apartment, security of life, leisure and recreation, and political participation. Human Development Index (HDI - Human Development Index) is an important indicator of the complexity and integration of income and wealth and interpenetration and interaction of economic and social policies. HDI shows prosperity in the three areas of social development. Indicators by which it is defined to reflect the achievements of countries at different levels. It therefore includes the health (life expectancy at birth for monitoring the life and health conditions), income or access to resources that help people attain a decent standard of living (GDP per capita in purchasing power), and level of education and skills (gross rate of participation and literacy show the combined rate of enrollment at different levels of education and literacy levels of adult population). Perception of quality of life is closely linked to values and norms of each society, the subjectivity of perception. Therefore, recently claimed indicators that describe the change in individual events of human life, and this essay show the difference in the lives of individuals and society. Difference has been further deepened by economic and financial crisis that occurred in late 2007. Richer and more developed countries have become more developed, the poorer are converging slowly. Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden adn France are considered as developed countries in EU. Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and Bulgaria are the least developed, while Slovenia is found itself somewhere in between