Tamper detection and self-recovery simulation results with the proposed scheme.

(a-1)∼(e-1) the original images; (a-2)∼(e-2) the corresponding watermarked images; (a-3)∼(e-3) the tampered images; (a-4)∼(e-4) the ground truth; (a-5)∼(e-5) the tamper detection results; (a-6)∼(e-6) the corresponding recovered images. *The five test images ‘cottage’, ‘swan’, ‘airplane’, ‘boat’, ‘goldhill’ in Fig 7 of our manuscript corresponds to the ‘cottage.tiff’(https://github.com/yooStella/GrayImageDatabase/blob/main/cottage.tiff), ‘swan.tiff’(https://github.com/yooStella/GrayImageDatabase/blob/main/swan.tiff), ‘airplane.tiff’(https://github.com/yooStella/GrayImageDatabase/blob/main/airplane.tiff), ‘boat.tiff’(https://github.com/yooStella/GrayImageDatabase/blob/main/boat.tiff), ‘goldhill.tiff’(https://github.com/yooStella/GrayImageDatabase/blob/main/goldhill.tiff) pictures labelled in this GitHub page.