Italy and the EU

Summary: A) THE ITALIAN CONTRIBUTION TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. – 1. Foundations: The Ventotene Manifesto and beyond. – 2. Instruments: Symmetries Between Incidental Proceedings and Preliminary Reference. – 3. Theories: Legal Pluralism, Dualism, Counterlimits. – 4. Experiences: Constructive Judicial Dialogue with the ECJ. – B) EUROPEAN DRIVERS IN THE INNOVATION OF THE ITALIAN LEGAL ORDER. – 1. The Institutional System. – 1.a. The Europeanisation of Parliamentary Functions. – 1.b. The European Role of the President of the Republic. – 1.c. The Presidentialisation of the Government. – 1.d. European Regional Blindness vs. the Federalisation Process. – 2. Sources of Law. – 2.a. The Slow Entrance of the EU into the Text of the Constitution. – 2.b. A New Concept of Legality. – 2.c. The Annual European Session. – 2.d. Support to the Expansion of Delegated Legislation. – 3. Protection of Fundamental Rights. – 3.a. The Incorporation of the ECHR. – 3.b. Competing Systems of Fundamental Rights Protection. – 3.c. The Decision not to Ratify Protocol No. 16 ECHR