Lameness in dairy cows

Šepavost se prikazuje kao nemogućnost funkcionalne upotrebe ekstremiteta. Uz mastitis i reproduktivne probleme, šepavost je najčešća bolest u svijetu. Šepavost se vrlo često pojavljuje zbog problema na samom stopalu, ali od svih pojava oko 90% pojavljuje se na zadnjim nogama. Za pojavu šepavosti glavni uzroci su subklinički laminitis te digitalni dermatitis. Veliki utjecaj na pojavu bolesti papaka ima smještaj goveda, odnosno dizajn i veličina ležišta, pristup pašnjaku, teljenje, redni broj laktacije, hranidba, te kvaliteta površine za hodanje. Šepavost muznih krava jedan je od glavnih čimbenika ekonomskih gubitaka na farmama uslijed manje proizvodnje, slabije plodnosti, povećanja troškova liječenja i veterinarski usluga itd. Šepavost se može spriječiti redovnom korekcijom papaka. Kod mliječnih krava važno je da korekcija bude redovita jer se tako postiže duži životni te proizvodni vijek. Postoji više načina detekcije šepavosti odnosno stupnja šepavosti prema pojedinim autorima, primjerice prema Manson i Leaver-ovoj ljestvici, Sprecher – ovoj ljestvici te prema DairyCo sustavu. Uz adekvatno držanje, pravilnu hranidbu te redovitu korekciju papaka može se smanjiti mogućnost pojave šepavost.Lameness is presented as the inability to functionally use the limbs. Along with mastitis and reproductive problems, lameness is the most common disease in the world. Lameness very often appears due to problems in the foot itself, but of all occurrences, about 90% appear on the hind legs. The main causes of lameness are subclinical laminitis and digital dermatitis. The housing of cattle, i.e. the design and size of the beds, access to pasture, calving, the number of lactations, feeding, and the quality of the walking surface has a major influence on the occurrence of hoof disease. Lameness of dairy cows is one of the main factors of economic losses on the farms due to lower production, lower fertility, increased costs of treatment and veterinary services, etc. Lameness can be prevented by regular hoof correction. On dairy farm is important to have a regular corrections of the hoofs, because in that way we can achieve a cows longevity and longer production. There are several ways of detecting lameness or the degree of lameness according to individual authors, for example according to Manson and Leaver's scale, Sprecher`s scale and according to the DairyCo system. With adequate accommodation, proper feeding and regular hoof correction, the possibility of lameness can be reduced