Comparative Study on Elderly People's Lifestyle in China and in the world highest Longevity region, Okinawa

平成14年度～平成16年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(B)(2))研究成果報告書中国延辺朝鮮族自治州に居住する漢民族、朝鮮族高齢者を対象に主として高齢者のライフスタイル、食生活・栄養摂取状況、家族の介護意識や身体健康や精神健康等に関する調査を実施し、世界の代表的長寿地域である沖縄との比較検討をも試み、以下の知見を得た。 1)身体体活動の面では朝鮮族がよりアクティブで、より多くの運動習慣を有していた。また朝鮮族に日中の短時間仮眠を取る者が多く、その結果、夜の睡眠の質的な面でも朝鮮族が良好であった。 2)朝鮮族の1日脂肪摂取量は漢民族より有意に低く(15%)、夕食によるエネルギー摂取比率が高かった。野菜の摂取量は両民族とも少なかった。また他の栄養摂取状況ではカルシウム、亜鉛、セレン、ビタミンA, B1等の摂取量も低い傾向にあり、両民族とも高齢者の食生活の改善が必要と思われた。 3)民族の体脂肪と血圧との関連では、漢民族の体脂肪が朝鮮族のそれよりも高く、男性ではBMIと体脂肪が高血圧の発生と強い相関が見られ、女性では体脂肪と高血圧が密接な関連を示した。 4)抑うつ傾向、自尊傾向、社会的健康度について民族・性別間比較では、抑うつ傾向では有意差を認めないものの、自尊感情、社会的健康度については両民族間に有意差が認められた。自尊感情、社会的健康度とも朝鮮族女性が最も高い得点を示した。 5)高齢者介護に関する意識調査では両民族間に差が見られた。例えば、自分が介護される立場になった時家庭で介護してもらいたいのは朝鮮族56.7%、漢民族では29.8%であった。また、介護の仕方がわからないは漢民族33.1%、朝鮮族9.5%であった。家族に対するガンの告知希望も朝鮮族99%、漢民族48.3%と大きな違いが見られた。 6)大宜味村高齢者の間では、加齢に伴い、抑うつ傾向は高くなり、逆に自尊感情は低くなっていった。 7)抑うつ傾向が高くなるに伴い、自尊感情も低くなっていった。研究概要：We conducted an investigation on elderly Han and Korean people in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of China and compared their lifestyle, eating habits, nutrition, their family's nursing-care awareness and physical, mental health with those of elderly people in Okinawa. 1)In respect of physical activity Korean people are more active, and have more exercise habits. Many Korean people have a short nap in the daytime. As a result, quality of their sleep at night is excellent. 2)Daily fat intake of Korean people (15%) is significantly lower than Han people but the ratio of energy intake by supper is higher. Vegetable intake of both Korean and Han people is low. Both people are less prone to calcium, zinc, selenium, vitamins A and B1 intakes than other nourishment intakes and this made us think that eating habits of both elderly people should be improved. 3)Research on the relation between their body fat and blood pressure shows that Han's body fat is higher than Korean's, and also shows a strong correlation between male's BMI, their body fat and high blood pressure occurrence, and a close relation between female's body fat and high blood pressure. 4)Comparative study by people and by sex on depression tendency, self-respect feelings and social health performance shows no significant difference in the depression tendency but it shows significant difference in the self-respect, feelings and the social health performance between Koreans and Hans. Korean female got the highest score in the self-respect feelings and the social health performance. 5)Survey on their attitude for the elderly people nursing-care shows significant difference between Koreans and Hans. For instance, 56.7% of Koreans think that they want to be nursing-cared by their family at home when they need to be nursing-cared, but 29.8% of Hans think so. 33.1% of Hans say that they don't know how to nursing-care elderly people but 9.5% of Koreans say so. 99% of Koreans say that they want their family to be informed of their cancer but 48.3% of Hans say so, which shows significant difference. 6)Elderly people of Ogimi village in Okinawa increase their depression tendency with age and decrease their self-respect feelings.未公開：P.86以降(別刷論文のため