Self-Governing Administration in the Federal Republic of Austria −The Municipalities（Gemeinden）and The Legal Representatives of Occupational Interests（Kammern）－ （１）

The Austrian Constitution, Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz（B-VG）, classifies the self-governing administration in Austria into Gemeinden - the territorial self-governing administration （cities, towns and villages） and Kammern - the personal self-governing administration（ the legal representatives of occupational interests， social insurance etc.）. The fundamental characteristics of the self-governing administration system are autonomy, the juridical person, the internal democracy of organization, and the control of the Bund（federal government）and Land（the state government）. The Selbstverwaltungskörper（the self-governing body）executes all or part of the public administration of the federal and state government. For this reason, the autonomy of the self-governing administration is in contradiction to the parliamentary democracy and the public administration hierarchy. This paper examines the relationship between ‘the democracy of the selfgoverning administration’ and ‘the parliamentary democracy of the federal and the state administrations’. Currently in Austria, the cooperative federalism of all three levels; the Bund（the federation）, the Länder（the states）and the Gemeinden（municipalities）is under debate. In this paper, the position, competence, and organization of the municipality is considered.departmental bulletin pape