China's Gradualism in Transition Reconsidered -Some Comparisons with the Cases of Former Socialist Countries-

中国のいわゆる漸進主義的体制改革は「大成功」であったと，これまで中国の内外で高く評価されてきた．しかし，中国全体がいまや大きな曲がり角に差し掛かっており，多くの難題に直面している．そこで，本論文は旧ソ連や東欧など，他の移行経済国における経験と比較しつつ，制度化されない発展という，中国的移行過程・政策の特色とそこに内在する限界を探り，中国におけるこれまでの改革政策を再検討する．併せて体制移行の必要条件は何か，とくに国有企業の民営化は必ずしも必要ではないとする従来の漸進主義論者の議論を検討し，民営化は，企業効率の向上にとって効果があることをいくつかの実証例から導き，また制度化という新たな視角から民営化の必要性について考えてみることにする．It is usually said that China's economic transition has been successful, with a sharp contrast with stagnant or declining economies in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. However, as several serious problems have appeared in China recently, such as ill-performing state owned enterprises and rampant corruption, it seems that China's success story has to be reevaluated. This paper attempts to reconsider the rapid economic development in China from new perspectives, and insist that its success relies on vague institutions, i. e. ownership, so far, but it will have to fully develop such institutions in order to marketize its economy much further