Trend and Issue of disaster nursing research from overseas litereature review

21 世紀に入り，地震活動の活発化，地球温暖化，熱帯的低気圧の増加，都市地域のヒートアイランド現象，などにより多くの地球規模的な災害の数は増加が指摘されている．わが国の社会状況においても，少子・高齢化，都市圏の過密化，また地方の急速な過疎化の進展により地域コミュニティにおける共助公助の衰退と災害経験伝承の不足が指摘されており，災害に対して弱い社会になりつつある．このような状況の中で，私たち看護職は地域社会において災害に対して様々な活動を行うことが求められており，社会の要請に対応して，看護師の養成カリキュラムに災害看護の位置づけがされた． 我が国では阪神・淡路大震災や地下鉄サリン事件など，未曾有の災害が発生した 1995 年を契機に，災害看護に対する系統的な知識が不足していることが指摘され，様々な研究・実践の積み上げがなされている．しかしながら，全般的にみれば，国際的にも災害看護学の知識体系の整備は十分ではなく，災害看護のエキスパートが少ないことも指摘されている．災害看護は今後是非にでも研究的な発展が必要とされる分野であるといえる．そこで，現在までの災害看護関係の文献を相対的に見ることで，災害看護ケアの提供に必要な情報の整理が可能となり，今後の災害看護教育に必要な視点を与えると考えた．日本の災害看護の研究の動向については災害看護学会で多くの報告がされているので，本論説では海外での研究の動向を概観し，その現状と課題に関して考察を試みた．It the 21st century, It is pointed out by the heat island phenomenon in an increase and the city region of activation, global warming of the seismic activity, and a tropical low-pressure etc. That the number of disasters the earth scales. In social circumstances of our country, the lack of the decline and the disaster experience legend of the mutual assistance are increasing. And public assistance in a regional community is pointed out by the progress of overcrowded of [city], aging, and the metropolitan area and rapid depopulation of the provinces, and it is becoming a weak society for the disaster. Nurses was requested to do various activities to the disaster in the community in such a situation, therefore the disaster nursing was located by nurse's training curriculum corresponding to the request of the society. It is suggested out that systematic knowledge to the disaster nursing is insufficient in our country with 1995 when an unprecedented disaster such as Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake and sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway occurred, and is performed the piling of various research and practice. However, the lack of enough knowledge of the disaster nursing study is identified generally. And the expert of the disaster nursing is quite few internationally. It can be said that the disaster nursing is a field where researched development will be needed within near future. Then, it was thought to classify the necessary information for the offer of the disaster nursing caring became possible by relatively seeing the literature related to the disaster nursing until present. This work put on the aspect necessary for the disaster nursing education in the future. A lot of reports were done about the trend of the research of the disaster nursing in Japan at the disaster nursing academic. So, this article shows a general view of the trend of the research in foreign countries, and consideration was tried for the current situations and issues