<Articles>The Management of Religious Institutions by the Oda Regime

個人情報保護のため削除部分あり織田政権による寺社支配の性格については、二つの説が対立しつづけている。本稿では、それを前提に、主に織田政権における寺社支配の原理や構造について考察した。まず、信長の寺社支配類型を、(1)「全面的弾圧」型、(2)「全薦的保護」型、(3)「一部保護」型の三つに分類した。それを通して先行研究のように、信長の寺社弾圧・「根切」政策と寺社保護・寺社領「温存・回復」政策の中で、どちらかだけを重視するのは見直す必要があると強調した。そして、三つの類型にわかれる基準について分析し、忠節→保護・敵対→弾圧の論理を提示した。また、信長が軍事的奉公＝忠節を寺社に求める事例は、主に天正初期に集中しており、織田政権の安定化につれ、その数が激減してしまう現象とその意義を考察した。次に、信長における寺社支配の展開について検証した。特に従来にはほとんど言及されなかった、信長の高野山に対する「悔返し」主張がもつ意味を分析し、それと秀吉とのつながりについて糾明した。また、天正一〇年甲・信地方における「礼銭免除」政策をとりあげ、中でも「取次銭」の免除に注目した。礼銭は中世、とりわけ室町・戦国期に盛んであり、ほぼ全時期にわたって織田政権も室町幕府と同様に、礼銭のしくみから脱皮しえず、慣行化した中世以来の礼銭構造は依然として続いていた。本稿では、織田政権がかかる構造からの脱皮へとその方向を転換したのを、この甲・信地方の「礼銭免除」政策とし、織田政権における一つの画期として天正一〇年に注目すべきだと提唱した。There are two conflicting theories regarding the characteristics of management of religious institutions under the Oda regime, but both theories lack adequate explanation about the system. Thus this paper considers the regime's principle and structure of the management system of shrines and temples. In Chapter 1, the characteristics of Nobunaga's management of religious institutions can be divided into three different categories; overall oppression, overall protection and partial protection. In this paper, I argued that these three categories were neither confronting nor contrary to each other; in fact, they co- existed. This paper examines the basis on and criteria under which Nobunaga divided the system into 3 categories, and mentions the concept of loyalty- protection and resistance-oppression. Increasingly, Nobunaga demanded military duty as a sign of loyalty to him around the Tensho period but his demand subsided as the regime secured stability. This paper will also examine the implication of this phenomenon. Chapter 2 considers the development of management over religious institutions during the Oda regime. I will examine implications of Nobunaga's call for recapturing (悔返し) the Koyasan temple in the Tensho 8, and point out that Nobunaga tried to break away from the Middle Age concept. The recapturing plan was carried over to the Toyotomi regime and was included in his policy framework. In relation to the Reisen (礼銭) Exemption policy, which was carried out in Kai and Shinano provinces under Nobunaga's command in Tensho 10, the emphasis was placed on the clause prohibiting commission (取次銭), which was also included in the policy framework. From the previous period, Nobunaga, like Muromachi Bakufu, found it difficult to depart from the Reisen structure, which had become customary and used to be carried out since the Middle Ages. The Reisen Exemption policy was the indication of Nobunaga's effort to reform the old structure and therefore, the Year of Tensho 10 should be seen as one of the defining moments in the annals of the Oda Regime