Advancement and application of 3d bioprinting : A comprehensive review

<p>3D printing is a modern technique driving major advances in many areas like engineering, art, and medicine. In the medicinal field, 3D bioprinting is being applied to create a breakthrough innovation in forming cells, tissues, and organs. The bio-molecules or cells are directly printed on a substrate that aims to duplicate the natural cellular framework. This advancement is used to create tissue or organs in order to reduce the likelihood of rejection during an organ transplant. This review gives an deep insight into evolution of 3D bioprinting, materials used in 3D bioprinting, Bio-ink-a major substance used in 3D bioprinting, methods used in 3D bioprinting like extrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted methods are explained with their advantages and limitations. Currently, 3D bioprinting also faces limitations like handling diverse cell types, vascularization, and high cost problems. This review article gives detailed knowledge about a wide range of applications of 3D bioprinting in the formation of cartilage, skin, cardiac tissue, trachea, and regeneration of nerves. 3D bioprinting is already having a wide impact in efficacy screening, pre-clinical studies, pharmacokinetics assay, target selection, and toxicity analysis and will further be a great technology in the research area.</p&gt