Jezuicka myśl polityczna XVI–XVII wieku wobec problemu monarchii (Francisco Suárez i Roberto Bellarmino)

The theological, ecclesiastical and political thought of Jesuit Counterreformation it’s a very curios case against i.e. political theology formulated by Carl Schmitt. The specific of political ideas of Counterreformation is the strange mixture between monarchical idea of God, monarchical idea of pope and republican, pre-republican or constitutional royalty. The aim of this article is the examination of this interesting case study. We have in this epoch the confrontation between two political ideas: royal monarchy of sovereign state and papal monarchy in the Church. In this same moment we se the growth of centralised modern state as parallel growth of centralised Church. We se an evident parallel between the notions of sovereignty in the state and infallibility and primacy in the Catholic Church. And the believers in Church are in the same time the subjects in the state. We have classic clash between two great forces in the same land. The situation is worsened by the Reformation and abjuration from Catholicity by few rulers. In this case the papal monarchy prefer the ideas of constitution, limited government, right to resist to the tyrants, i.e. schismatic or protestant sovereigns. Jesuit statement against the political theology is the effect of understanding that the theological and political power of pope is impossible in the world of sovereign states