The Legal Reasoning and Socio-Legal Impact of the Fatwās of the Council of Indonesian Ulama on Economic Issues

Absrak: Argumen Hukum dan Implikasi Sosial-Yuridis Fatwa MUI tentang Ekonomi. Artikel ini membahas fatwa- fatwa ekonomi DSN-MUI dari segi argumentasi hukum dan dampak sosial dan hukumnya. Dari 82 fatwa, 17 di antaranya dibahas meliputi: fatwa perbankan, asuransi, pasar modal, dan gadai. Studi ini menemukan bahwa fatwa DSN selalu merujuk kepada Alquran dan Hadis, terkadang juga kepada ijmak, qiyās, dan pendapat ulama. Meski demikian, patut dicatat, di sisi lain, fatwa-fatwa tersebut mengesankan terlalu ingin memberikan “konfirmasi” terhadap setiap instrumen perbankan konvensional melalui penggunaan ḥīlah dan akad murakkab yang dilarang oleh Rasulullah. Studi ini juga menemukan adanya dampak fatwa DSN terhadap Undang-undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah.Kata Kunci: fatwa, ekonomi syariah, akad ganda, dewan syariah nasional (DSN)Abstract: The Legal Reasoning and Socio-Legal Impact of the Fatwās of the Council of Indonesian Ulama on Economic Issues. This article examines the economic fatwās of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) represented by the National Board of Sharia (DSN) at two levels: legal reasoning and socio-legal impact. Out 82 fatwās, some 17 are discussed covering: banking, insurance, capital market, and pawn issues. The study found that DSN’s fatwās are consistent in making references to the Quran and Hadith, and often to ijmā’, qiyās, and the views of ulama, but too anxious to offer “confirmation” to every conventional banking instrument through ḥīlah and multiple ‘aqds which are prohibited by Rasulullah. The study also found that the socio-legal impact of those fatwās on laws and government regulations are identifiable.Keywords: fatwā, islamic economy, multiple ‘aqds, national board of sharia (DSN