The Tibetan orogenic plateau has been an iconic geological structure in the study of continental deformation for decades. Understanding its structural evolution is a thorny issue, a source of controversial discussions among proponents of many key models. Numerical simulations of gravitational forces associated with a low viscosity channel in the Tibetan crust predict continuous deformation through the flow of ductile material at depth. The surface observation of large fault systems, however, favors a model of localized deformation through the interaction of strike-slip and thrust faults. My thesis work focuses on the eastern margin of the plateau, often considered as a natural laboratory for the development of these models. In the center of...