Examination of the effects of social attributes on a sense of micro-fairness and perceived income inequality in Japanese society and a local area

本研究では、現代日本人の社会的不平等に対する態度の背景にある要因を分析する ために、日本社会と地域のそれぞれにおけるミクロ公正感および所得格差認知を測定し、それらと社会的属性との関連を検証した。インターネット調査によって神奈川県在住の20～70代までの2400名から得られたデータを分析した結果、日本社会および地域における判断の両方で高所得者ほどミクロ公正感が強く、また所得格差認知が小さいという関係が見られたが、これは経済状況への主観的判断（経済的余裕度）によって説明されることが明らかとなった。一方で、年齢やいくつかの従業上の地位が日本における所得格差認知に対して持つ効果は、地域における所得格差認知では認められなかった。また、横浜市・川崎市以外の居住者は両市居住者に比べて日本社会におけるミクロ公正感が弱いが、地域におけるミクロ公正感において差は見られなかった。これらの結果は、日本社会と地域のそれぞれにおけるミクロ公正感および 所得格差認知はその生成メカニズムが異なることを示唆している。In this study, to analyze the factors behind the attitudes of Japanese people toward social inequality, we measured a sense of micro-fairness and perceived income inequality in both Japanese society and a local area and examined the relationship between them and social attributes. Although a result of analyzing data obtained from 2,400 people in their 20s to 70s living in Kanagawa Prefecture through internet surveys showed that high-income earners had a stronger sense of micro-fairness and less perception of income inequality in both Japanese society and their local areas, it became clear that their subjective judgments of socioeconomic situations explained these relationships. On the other hand, the effects of age and some occupational status on perceived income inequality in Japanese society were not observed in perceived income inequality in a local area. Moreover, residents of cities other than Yokohama and Kawasaki have a weaker sense of micro-fairness in Japanese society than residents of the two cities, but there was no difference in a sense of micro-fairness in a local area. These results suggest that the generation mechanisms of micro-fairness and perceived income inequality differ between Japanese society and a local area.研究論文Full Paperdepartmental bulletin pape