The latest research on risk factors and pathomechanisms of depression – review

Kozyra Magdalena, Nowińska Martyna, Klas Jakub, Pytka Michalina, Łopuszańska Urszula. The latest research on risk factors and pathomechanisms of depression – review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(11):50-60. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.11.005 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.11.005 https://zenodo.org/record/4264993 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 26.10.2020. Revised: 30.10.2020. Accepted: 08.11.2020. The latest research on risk factors and pathomechanisms of depression – review Magdalena Kozyra1, Martyna Nowińska1, Jakub Klas1, Michalina Pytka1, Urszula Łopuszańska2 (1) Student Research Group of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin (2) Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin *Address for correspodence: Staffa 24, 20-454 Lublin, telephone number: 695562174, e-mail address: madzia.kozyra.1221@poczta.onet.pl ORCID ID and E-mail Magdalena Kozyra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-4102 madzia.kozyra.1221@poczta.onet.pl Martyna Nowińska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-698X m.nowinska98@gmail.com Jakub Klas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1909 jakubklas99@gmail.com Michalina Pytka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-9357 Michalinapytka@gmail.com Urszula Łopuszańska https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-7577 urszulalopuszanska@umlub.pl ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that is increasingly being diagnosed in middle and more developed countries (MDC). Symptoms of depression in patients with severe depressive disorder (MDD) include sadness, regret, negative thoughts, anxiety, and more. The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to summarize the latest research (from 2020) on factors related to the occurrence of depression, as well as the current findings on depression (also those related to the COVID-19 pandemic). Material and method: For this purpose, scientific search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used. Description of the state of knowledge: In 2020, apart from research on pathomechanisms and environmental factors, a large part of the research focused on the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for the development of depression symptoms. Many studies from different parts of the world have confirmed that a pandemic can have a significant impact on the occurrence of depression. Summary: There are many factors that can cause depression and it is important to keep them in mind both in everyday life and in clinical practice. Studies from various parts of the world have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the experience of depressive symptoms, also in those who have not yet been diagnosed with MDD. The degree of severity of depressive symptoms depended on such factors as: financial situation, social isolation. Key words: depression, SARS-CoV2, genetic, markers, inflammation, patomechanis