Major depression disorder - etiology and treatment

CZUCHRYTA, Paulina, BABIAK, Rafał, BAJAK, Karolina, DOMAŃSKA, Anastazja, GAWĘDA, Agnieszka, GRABEK, Agata, RUTKOWSKA, Julia, RZĘSA-TOKARCZYK, Żaneta, SKOREK, Klaudia & URBAŃCZYK, Agnieszka. Major depression disorder - etiology and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;37(1):99-118. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.37.01.008 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43937 https://zenodo.org/record/8007824 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.05.2023. Revised: 05.06.2023. Accepted: 05.06.2023. Published: 06.06.2023. Major depression disorder: etiology and treatment Paulina Czuchryta1, Rafał Babiak1, Karolina Bajak1, Anastazja Domańska1, Agnieszka Gawęda1, Agata Grabek1, Julia Rutkowska2, Żaneta Rzęsa-Tokarczyk3, Klaudia Skorek1, Agnieszka Urbańczyk2 Paulina Czuchryta - https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2620-4300, paulinaczuchryta651@gmail.com Rafał Babiak - https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2602-1406, r-babiak@wp.pl Karolina Bajak - https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2486-6388, karolab370@gmail.com Anastazja Domańska - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8332-120X, anastazja.domanska@wp.pl Agnieszka Gawęda - https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6960-1531, agniecha.gaweda@gmail.com Agata Grabek - https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6855-7410, agatag822@gmail.com Julia Rutkowska - https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8606-3680, rutkowska.julia@icloud.com Żaneta Rzęsa-Tokarczyk - https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6161-5160, rzesazaneta@gmail.com Klaudia Skorek - https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9131-1017, k.skorek27@gmail.com Agnieszka Urbańczyk - https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1964-1340, agnieszka_urbanczyk1@wp.pl Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie, Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 1 w Lublinie, ul. Stanisława Staszica 16, 20-400 Lublin Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Krakowie, Osiedle Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Kraków Corresponding author: Paulina Czuchryta, paulinaczuchryta651@gmail.com Abstract Introduction and purpose: The problem of major depression disorder (MDD) affects more and more people. In a few years, it may become the most common disease after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. MDD are manifested by a depressed mood, decreased energy, loss of interest and the ability to enjoy life, as well as a number of other additional symptoms. Untreated MDD can lead to disability. This entails not only consequences for the sick person but also increased social costs. That is why it is so important to know the causes of its formation and to look for new therapeutic methods. State of knowledge: The development of MDD is influenced by genetic factors, inflammatory factors and hormonal disorders, changes in the structure of the brain, disorders in neurotransmission. The microbiome-gut-brain axis affects mood regulation and neurotransmission in the brain. Bacteria such as Escherichia, Shigella, Enterococcus, Streptococccus, Alistipes, Parabacterioides, Veillonella have been identified as having a potential negative effect on the development of MDD and response to treatment. The use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 may help reduce the symptoms of MDD. In recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the intranasal preparation of esketamine for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder with severe suicidal thoughts. Unlike other antidepressants, it has a quick effect on reducing symptoms. Summary: Due to the global problem of MDD, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of its formation. Particular attention should be paid to the influence of microbiota. Key words: major depression disorder, microbiota, esketamin