The cerebral consequences of diabetes

Jankowska Paula, Jankowski Krzysztof, Rudnicka Drożak Ewa, Mizerski Grzegorz. The cerebral consequences of diabetes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7):85-94. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1284550 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5564 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/866784 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.05.2018. Revised: 18.05.2018. Accepted: 06.06.2018. The cerebral consequences of diabetes Paula Jankowska, Krzysztof Jankowski, Ewa Rudnicka-Drożak, Grzegorz Mizerski Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin ABSTRACT Introduction The number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus is growing globally. Diabetes is a disease requiring cooperation from the patient. Numerous cases of behavior not satisfying doctor are interpreted as lack of subordination and willingness to adapt to medical recommendations. Problems with adherence to treatment may be a result of decrease in cognitive functions, and associated cerebral diabetes complications as stroke, structural brain changes, depression and diabetic distress. Aim The purpose of this study is to present cerebral complications and their consequences depicted in professional literature. Results Diabetes has many severe cerebral complications. Patients may experience both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and ensuing disability. Moreover, diabetes is described to be a serious factor contributing development of brain structural changes. There was decrease in of gray and white matter reported to be associated with decline in cognitive functions. Diabetes is also described as cause of depression and diabetic distress. These two affective problems are very serious reasons influencing everyday activity of patients. Glycaemic control in such individuals is significantly poorer than in people not suffering from these complications. Conclusions The cerebral complications of diabetes are frequent, especially in population of elderly people. They have substantial influence on cooperation with patient, treatment adherence and its outcomes. Every situation of doctor`s dissatisfaction with the results of diabetic education, compliance and self-care activities performed by the patient should lead to investigation if he have any diabetes cerebral complications. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Depression, Strok