text-fig. 27. Posterior dorsal vertebrae of three theropod dinosaurs in left lateral view, showing states for several axial characters. A, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; penultimate dorsal vertebra; redrawn (reversed) from Novas (1993). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis-, reconstruction of the eleventh dorsal vertebra; based on QG 1. c, unnamed compsognathine from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; reconstruction of the posteriormost dorsal vertebra; based on SMNK 2349 Pal. Abbreviations as in ext-figures 24 and 26, and: pg, pleurocentral groove; st, spine table. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratus, AMNH 5664, C, A. libratus, USNM 12814. All are drawn to the same length. Vertical lines to the right indicate relative lengths of the three frontals respectively. (B, courtesy of Dale A. Russell, C, redrawn from Russell, 1970). in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana

R. E. Molnar

April 1977

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratu...

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in left lateral (A), anterior (B), ven...

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in right lateral (A), left lateral (B),...

text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi; based on MB R. 2175. c, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, based on UCMP V 6468. D, Allosaurus fragilisa based on Madsen (1976) and MOR 693. Abbreviations: di, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; k, keel; ns, neural spine; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-d). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical ch...

text-fig. 26. Anterior dorsal vertebrae of two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states for several vertebral characters, a, Lilienstemus lilienstemifMB R. 2175. B, Troödon formosus', TMP 94.12.438. Abbreviations as in ext-fig. 24, and: hy, hyposphene; hyp, hypapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 26. Anterior dorsal vertebrae of two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states f...

text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of several cranial characters. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the bones see Text-figures 4-6. a, Euparkeria capensis. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis. c, Ceratosaurus sp. D, Allosaurus fragilis. E, Gorgosaurus libratus. F, Velociraptor mongoliensis. Character state indications in this and all following illustrations are as follows: numbers refer to characters discussed in the text; the first number indicates the number of the character, the second the character state. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b), 50 mm (f-g) and 100 mm (c-e). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different...

text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wetherilli-, left lateral and posterior view; based on UCMP V 4214. c-D, Deinonychus antirrhopus-, left lateral and posterior view; based on YPM 5204. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 24, and: at, atlantal intercentrum; ic, axial intercentrum; nc, neural canal; od, odontoid. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wethe...

text-fig. 50. Theropod metatarsals, illustrating several tarsal characters, a, Allosaurus sp.; DNM 116; left metatarsals II-IV, anterior view. B, Troödon formosus; MOR 748; right metatarsals II-IV, anterior view, c, Albertosaurus sarcophagus; ROM 807; left metatarsal V; lateral view, proximal is to the right. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 10 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 50. Theropod metatarsals, illustrating several tarsal characters, a, Allosaurus sp.; DNM 1...

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, left manus; UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis', right manus; MOR 693. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus...

text-fig. 47. Stereophotographs of theropod fibulae in medial view, illustrating different character states of character 210. A, Dilophosaurus wetherilli; left fibula; UCMP V 4214. b, Struthiomimus altus; right fibula; AMNH 5355. Scale bars represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 47. Stereophotographs of theropod fibulae in medial view, illustrating different character...

text-fig. 10. Maxillae of a sauropodomorph (a) and two theropods (b-c) in left lateral view to illustrate the character states of characters 11, 12 and 86. a, Plateosaurus sp., left maxilla (GPIT Skelett 1). B, Ceratosaurus sp., left maxilla (UUVP VP 5278). c, Gorgosaurus libratus, right maxilla (reversed; ROM 1247). Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 10. Maxillae of a sauropodomorph (a) and two theropods (b-c) in left lateral view to illus...

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for characters 211 and 212. Scale bar represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for ...

Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. Anterior is to the right. Lined areas represent broken bone surface and the mold is partially reconstructed in dashed lines. Abbreviations: c.h.—cerebral hemispheres, hb.—hindbrain, o.l.—optic lobe, o.n.—olfactory passage. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana

R. E. Molnar

April 1977

Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. ...

FIGURE 3 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

Upchurch, Paul
Mannion, Philip D.
Xu, Xing
Barrett, Paul M.

December 2021

FIGURE 3. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). A, dorsa...

text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, ab...

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratus, AMNH 5664, C, A. libratus, USNM 12814. All are drawn to the same length. Vertical lines to the right indicate relative lengths of the three frontals respectively. (B, courtesy of Dale A. Russell, C, redrawn from Russell, 1970). in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana

R. E. Molnar

April 1977

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratu...

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in left lateral (A), anterior (B), ven...

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in right lateral (A), left lateral (B),...

text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi; based on MB R. 2175. c, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, based on UCMP V 6468. D, Allosaurus fragilisa based on Madsen (1976) and MOR 693. Abbreviations: di, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; k, keel; ns, neural spine; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-d). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical ch...

text-fig. 26. Anterior dorsal vertebrae of two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states for several vertebral characters, a, Lilienstemus lilienstemifMB R. 2175. B, Troödon formosus', TMP 94.12.438. Abbreviations as in ext-fig. 24, and: hy, hyposphene; hyp, hypapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 26. Anterior dorsal vertebrae of two theropods in left lateral view, illustrating states f...

text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of several cranial characters. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the bones see Text-figures 4-6. a, Euparkeria capensis. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis. c, Ceratosaurus sp. D, Allosaurus fragilis. E, Gorgosaurus libratus. F, Velociraptor mongoliensis. Character state indications in this and all following illustrations are as follows: numbers refer to characters discussed in the text; the first number indicates the number of the character, the second the character state. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b), 50 mm (f-g) and 100 mm (c-e). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 7. Outgroup (a) and theropod (b-g) skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different...

text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wetherilli-, left lateral and posterior view; based on UCMP V 4214. c-D, Deinonychus antirrhopus-, left lateral and posterior view; based on YPM 5204. Abbreviations as in ext-figure 24, and: at, atlantal intercentrum; ic, axial intercentrum; nc, neural canal; od, odontoid. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 25. Axes of two theropods, illustrating several axial characters, a-b, Dilophosaurus wethe...

text-fig. 50. Theropod metatarsals, illustrating several tarsal characters, a, Allosaurus sp.; DNM 116; left metatarsals II-IV, anterior view. B, Troödon formosus; MOR 748; right metatarsals II-IV, anterior view, c, Albertosaurus sarcophagus; ROM 807; left metatarsal V; lateral view, proximal is to the right. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 10 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 50. Theropod metatarsals, illustrating several tarsal characters, a, Allosaurus sp.; DNM 1...

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, left manus; UCMP V 4214. B, Allosaurus fragilis', right manus; MOR 693. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 36. Theropod mani in dorsal view, illustrating several manual characters, a, Dilophosaurus...

text-fig. 47. Stereophotographs of theropod fibulae in medial view, illustrating different character states of character 210. A, Dilophosaurus wetherilli; left fibula; UCMP V 4214. b, Struthiomimus altus; right fibula; AMNH 5355. Scale bars represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 47. Stereophotographs of theropod fibulae in medial view, illustrating different character...

text-fig. 10. Maxillae of a sauropodomorph (a) and two theropods (b-c) in left lateral view to illustrate the character states of characters 11, 12 and 86. a, Plateosaurus sp., left maxilla (GPIT Skelett 1). B, Ceratosaurus sp., left maxilla (UUVP VP 5278). c, Gorgosaurus libratus, right maxilla (reversed; ROM 1247). Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 10. Maxillae of a sauropodomorph (a) and two theropods (b-c) in left lateral view to illus...

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for characters 211 and 212. Scale bar represents 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 48. Saurornitholestes langstoni; TMP 88.121.39; fibula, lateral view, showing state 1 for ...

Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. Anterior is to the right. Lined areas represent broken bone surface and the mold is partially reconstructed in dashed lines. Abbreviations: c.h.—cerebral hemispheres, hb.—hindbrain, o.l.—optic lobe, o.n.—olfactory passage. in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana

R. E. Molnar

April 1977

Text-fig. 6.—Endocranial mold of the Jordan theropod (LACM 28471). A, Dorsal view. B, Lateral view. ...

FIGURE 3 in Re-assessment of the Late Jurassic eusauropod dinosaur Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong, 1997, from the Turpan Basin, China, and the evolution of hyper-robust antebrachia in sauropods

Upchurch, Paul
Mannion, Philip D.
Xu, Xing
Barrett, Paul M.

December 2021

FIGURE 3. Posterior cervical vertebra of Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum (IVPP V11120; holotype). A, dorsa...

text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

Rauhut, Oliver W. M.

May 2003

text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, ab...

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratus, AMNH 5664, C, A. libratus, USNM 12814. All are drawn to the same length. Vertical lines to the right indicate relative lengths of the three frontals respectively. (B, courtesy of Dale A. Russell, C, redrawn from Russell, 1970). in A new Theropod Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Central Montana

R. E. Molnar

April 1977

Text-fig. 8.—The shape of the frontals. A, the Jordan theropod, LACM 28471, B, Albertosaurus libratu...

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 7. Dorsal vertebra 8 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in left lateral (A), anterior (B), ven...

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 in A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Desojo, Julia B.
Ezcurra, Martín D.
Kischlat, Edio E.

December 2012

FIGURE 8. Dorsal verebra 9 of Aetobarbakinoides brasiliensis in right lateral (A), left lateral (B),...

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