記憶生產、科技管理與能量轉換:《德古拉》中呈現的吸血式文書作業

[[abstract]]《德古拉》以維多利亞的中產階級為敘事主體，展現了倫敦十九世紀末的意識型態，作者布蘭姆．史托克別具巧思的敘事安排，將維多利亞晚期的普遍焦慮與吸血鬼文學傳統中淫逸的貴族原型結合，創造出兼具歷史感及現代性的吸血鬼德古拉公爵。本文試圖以「記憶」為切入點，討論小說中的角色安排如何再現當代白領階級的「(基督新教)工作倫理(work ethic)」，並闡述此意識型態的發展如何受當時資本主義及科學技術影響，產生對於提升產量及永續生產的追求。經由解讀文本中敘事者執著於「記錄」與「建檔」的書寫特色，得以分析德古拉公爵與凡赫辛團隊之間的敵對立場及其在經濟歷史上的意義，進而重新審視二者之間的權力關係，並說明吸血鬼主題如何以能量轉換(energy exchange)的形式貫穿全文。第一章首先分別討論「記憶」在文本層面及故事層面所扮演的角色，關注書中角色對於精確記錄記憶內容的偏執，從而分析凡赫辛團隊如何發展出有效的記憶(資訊)管理模式，並達到記憶(真相)生產的目的。第二章進一步分析雙方陣營如何以相似的資本主義(合)理性(capitalist rationality)各自運作，以揭露二者之間的政治角力可能並非以往研究中所假設的二元對立，而是一種「除內(inclusive exclusion)」的權力關係，並藉此解釋文本中對「越界」的焦慮。第三章則對比兩造的管理方法如何因應工業革命前後不同的生產模式的需求，探究十九世紀末科技發展及科學突破如何重新詮釋維多利亞時代的(基督新教)工作倫理。更甚者，藉此亦可解釋當代科學論述如何同時在技術與心理層面，造就白領中產階級自我強迫性的文書作業與對「產量」和「產能」的重視，以及科學管理如何衍生出與目標背道而馳的過量資訊生產。本文將透過回顧現代性資訊處理與管理作業的濫觴，詮釋《德古拉》中記憶與真相、劃界與越界、及身體與機器三個層次的永續能量轉換。[[abstract]]Bram Stoker incorporated the aristocratic character in the tradition of vampire literature with late nineteenth-century ideologies by making Victorian bourgeois write about the historical figure Count Dracula in the novel Taking the issue of memory as the point of departure this research explores the significance of the narrators’ recording and filing behavior and how it represents the work ethic the Victorian professionals follow This thesis analyzes the antagonism between the vampire Count and the Van Helsing crew by inquiring into the latter’s compulsive clerical work and further discloses its significance in the economic history The first chapter discusses the issue of memory from both the textual level and the story level and then elucidates the truth production and knowledge management in Van Helsing crew’s recording and filing work The second chapter reconsiders the binary oppositions presumed in most Dracula studies about the power relations in the novel and concludes that the power relationship between them is in fact an “inclusive exclusion ” a conflict within the capitalist system The third chapter compares different management techniques implemented by the two parties analogically to the modes of production before and after Industrial Revolution This chapter examines the new mode of work rationality that consequent in Victorian professionals’ reliance upon machines and their excessive clerical work Intriguingly this particular work rationality paradoxically defeats the purpose of scientific management by generating redundant work With the discussions in these three chapters this thesis will offer an interpretation of how vampirism echoes in the novel by participating in the perpetual motion of the energy exchange between memory and truth boundary drawing and crossing as well as body and machin