Bar graph depicting model BIC values for Experiments 1,2 and 3.

Error-scaling model variants in blue. Retention-scaling variants in orange. Bias-scaling variants in green. State-aim variants in red. Output-aim variants in purple. Opacity indicate model sub-type: Non-negative two-state models have 100% opacity. Two-state models have 50% opacity and one-state models have 25% opacity. Error-bars represent 95% confidence intervals.