In this article we shall explore the different stages of Connolly's intellectual and ideological evolution in a diachronic way, by relying on his writings and his political activities. Ever since his arrival in Dublin in May 1896, he had aimed at demonstrating that he was both a nationalist and a socialist and underlined the difference which separated him from the nationalists of the IRB, « our friends, the physical force men ». After his return from the USA in 1910 and the creation of the ICA, of which he became the commander, he multiplied the overtures to the minority of the Volunteers who refused to follow the Redmondists. At last, we shall present two interpretations of the secret meeting which took place from January 19 to January 22 ...