In 1916, to meet its need of workers and soldiers, the French government was to reconsider the « Armée jaune » plan formed in 1912 by general Pennequin, the peace-maker in Tonkin. As far as back as 1911, general Pennequin was aware the Vietnamese society was changing under the influence of the colonization process and the burgeoning of a modem will middle-class. He then proposed the decolonization option which included the constitution of a national Vietnamese army, the only modem structure in the colonized countries and hence foundation of independence and national building. The plan was premonitory of the contemporary imperialisms and compelled the French government to completely change its colonial policy. So it provoked a general hosti...