Rural populations: changes and perceptions in Walloonia. This paper describes the changes in the rural concerns from the Second World War. In the first stage, rural emigration is the major problem; from the sixties, regional development and planning lead to f ocuse on the integration of the rural in the urban systems and to neglect the specific changes in the rural populations, whereas the peopling has been changing. It is only in the mid-seventies that the care for rural population is appearing again, stimulated by the growing use of countryside as leisure or residence space. But an accurate definition of rural definition remains to be built, considering the social and spatial mechanisms which interfere with their transformation.Le conte...