Strategies for Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO₂ from Dilute Flue Gases and the Atmosphere

The integrated capture and conversion of CO2 has the potential to make valorization of the greenhouse gas more economically competitive, by eliminating energy-intensive regeneration processes. However, integration is hindered by the extremely low concentrations of CO2 present in the atmosphere (0.04 vol.%), and the presence of acidic gas contaminants, such as SOx and NOx, in flue gas streams. This Review summarizes the latest technological progress in the integrated capture and conversion of CO2 from dilute flue gases and atmospheric air. In particular, the Review analyzes the correlation between material properties and their capture and conversion efficiency through hydrogenation, cycloaddition, and solar thermal-mediated electrochemical processes, with a focus on the types and quantities of product generated, in addition to their energy requirements. Prospects for commercialization are also highlighted and suggestions are made for future research.