Optimum transmission system expansion offshore considering renewable energy sources

This chapter provides an overview of transmission expansion planning (TEP) methods and their practical application. First, it discusses the strategic importance of the transmission system. Next, it describes the reasons why TEP remains a challenge for systems with a large share of renewable energy. Various TEP problems are classified, as well as the approaches that are used to solve them. Finally, the method and numerical results for the problem of planning a high voltage direct current grid in the North Sea region are shown.