The last Neolithic communities of the Mediterranean region are currently known as a multitude of cultural facies, whose definition (extension, chronology, intra-cultural evolution and inter-cultural relations) remains incomplete today. Based upon four homogeneous ceramic corpora, a typological and stylistic analysis centred on one of these late Neolithic facies in Provence, the Rhone-Ouvèze group, underlines the variability of the ceramic assemblages initially registered in the same cultural unit. These new data gradually impose a reconsideration of the conditions of its appearance in connection with the nearby Languedocian cultural complex, the Fontbouisse group, and open up various hypotheses concerning the circumstances of its genesis, d...