Structural ontology is opposed to the substantialist or essen- tialist (or again systematic) ontology of metaphysical tradition and assigns to each cultural grouping a structure of its own that cannot be translated into the categories of another. This implies the abandonment of the abstract universality proper to classical philosophical anthropology in favour of a «dialogue of worlds», i.e. an attempt to establish, in an attitude of listening that respects all cultures, a concrete anthropology that forms the basis of a many-sided ontology to which the various traditions will find themselves to be related. The A. sees the elucidation of this structural ontology in particular in a mutual fertilization of European phenomenology and of the thou...