The Labour movement, in France as well as in Quebec, is facing a profound challenge to the retirement system put in place after the Second World War in France or since the mid 1960s in Quebec. In spite of substantial differences in the structures of the two systems, what is at stake in the tendencies and reforms taking place is a progressive dismantling of guarantees and protections derived from existing collective plans and their replacement by a system based on individual savings with the associated risks. In France, a series of reforms adopted between 1993 and 2003 will progressively erode the coverage offered by compulsory pay-as-yougo pension schemes; in Quebec, the erosion of public plans, already quite modest, and, most importantly, ...