Sustainability implications of additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing is the industrial production name for 3D printing, which is one of the advanced technologies in the fourth industrial revolution. 3D printing involves the production of a 3D product using a layer by layer technique. Complex structures can be produced through AM which was no possible using conventional method as it has the potential to assemble parts, consequently minimizing the production process. In addition, through the AM process, less waste is generated during manufacturing and lightweight components can be produced which makes it beneficial in terms of materials and costs. Therefore, additive manufacturing is seen to have an impact on sustainability. This paper will review the implications of AM on sustainability, which includes the environmental, economic and social aspects. Clear understanding of sustainability impacts of AM is crucial in order to assist companies and researchers to make the best decisions before switching to AM