Impact analysis of biodiesel production parameters for different catalyst

Catalysts play a major role in the transesterification process. In recent years, heterogeneous catalysts have gathered attention due to the advantage of reusability and easy separation. The use of renewable sources for catalyst preparation has advanced the use of heterogeneous catalysts. The biomass-derived catalysts are important in decreasing the cost of production and promoting the commercialization of biodiesel. Various renewable sources such as sea sand, shells, fish bones, large-scale industrial wastes can be used for catalyst preparation. Catalysts prepared from these wastes can make the transesterification reaction more sustainable and cost-effective. Thus, this work comprises a review of the advancements of various catalyst technologies used in biodiesel production, including the use of waste biomass for catalyst preparation. The paper also discussed the Bimetallic and trimetallic heterogeneous catalysts for several applications in energy and biodiesel generation from microalgal lipids.