The Nuclear Factor in the Aftermath of the Cold War, by Marisol Touraine In future, nuclear powers are not likely to face crises over territorial issues. Nuclear dissuasion during the Cold War period was founded on two princi-ples : protection of national territory and guaranteeing the US commitment to défend Western Europe. The validity of this logic is now strongly in question. The major danger now lies in nuclear prolifération, which does not so much pose a direct threat, but involves creation of nuclear « sanctuaries » to dissuade military intervention by Western powers. Two scenarios are possible : a banalisation of nuclear arms or their progressive marginalisation. In order to avoid the former, the present nuclear powers should be wil...