The core project of the thesis deals with developing a MRI approach for detecting neuronal activity and to translate activity into changes in MR image contrast. A modulation of water relaxivity by contrast agents can be achieved by specific physiological or biochemical triggers that can be changes in pH, calcium ion, neurotransmitter concentration, or enzymatic activity. The purpose of this project was to design and synthesize a new class of gadolinium(III) (Gd)-based calcium ion, pH, and enzyme sensitive "smart" contrast agents that are capable of reporting on the brain activity status by contrast change in MR images. The thesis also involves in development of Gd-based neuroanatomical tracers and some precursors towards targeted contrast a...