The present thesis explores the issue of systemic risk on financial markets and its interplay with monetary policy. Systemic risk is defined as the risk of experiencing a severe financial crisis. It is inefficiently high in the absence of appropriate regulation due to the presence of systemic externalities, which arise if financial institutions do not internalize the consequences of their actions for systemic stability. More specifically, such behavior may lead to vulnerable financial networks, poor diversification, fire sales, inefficient distribution of liquidity as well as to breakdowns of markets characterized by incomplete information. Macroprudential regulation aiming at systemic stability should therefore focus on the mitigation of s...