Perovskite materials for photovoltaics: a review

Photovoltaic is among the most propitious renewable energy sources for meeting global energy demands. Owing to their simple solution synthesis procedure, lightweight, wearable, power conversion efficiency, flyable, ready to deploy for extremist lightweight space, and reduced cost of constituent materials, perovskite solar cells have gotten huge interest in the past years. Because of the high-quality perovskite film attained by low-temperature fabrication methods, as well as the development of appropriate interface and electrode materials, the effectiveness of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has topped 25% efficiency in recent years. Furthermore, perovskite solar cells' stabilization has gotten a lot of well-deserved recognition. The future of various carbon, tin, and polymer materials-based perovskite solar cells has even been explored, as well as their industrial expansion possibility are also discussed. This review paper summarizes important accomplishments to date, highlights the unique properties of these perovskites that have led to their fast upsurge, and highlights the problems that must be overcome for perovskite solar cells to be developed and commercialized successfully