BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents, most of which are antipsychotics. A small subgroup of patients develop a severe debilitating treatment-resistant form of TD.AIM: To assess the effects and side-effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in this subgroup of TD patients.METHOD: We searched PubMed and Embase using the search terms 'tardive' and 'deep brain stimulation'. We found 19 articles containing data referring to 52 patients. Using the Burke Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS) we calculated the average improvement in the patients' condition.RESULTS: On all the scales t...
INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment in medically intrac...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
Background Tardive dystonia (TD) represents a side effect of prolonged intake of dopamine receptor b...
Background Tardive dystonia (TD) represents a side effect of prolonged intake of dopamine receptor b...
INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment in medically intrac...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
Background: Tardive dyskinesia and dystonia (TDD) are severe side effects of dopamine-blocking agent...
BACKGROUND: Severe tardive dyskinesia or dystonia (TD) are side-effects of dopamine-blocking agents,...
Background Tardive dystonia (TD) represents a side effect of prolonged intake of dopamine receptor b...
Background Tardive dystonia (TD) represents a side effect of prolonged intake of dopamine receptor b...
INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment in medically intrac...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...
BackgroundDystonia is a movement disorder substantially affecting the quality of life and the abilit...